"When we conjugate verbs there is one past participle. It can be used adjectivally to indicate that the verb's action has already occurred to the noun modified (participial adjective); it can also be used with an auxiliary verb to build various verb forms. Conventional grammar dictates that there is a single past participle for any verb. So if "proven . . . properly exists as an adjective" it must also be the word that is paired with a form of "to have" to form the perfect tenses."
In other words, only a Backass would say "innocent until proved guilty."
In Scotland, instead of declaring a defendant innocent, the term is "Not Proven." Not not proved but not proven which is short for, "It has not been proven."
And it makes sense because what matters isn't the act of proving but the result of proving, the fact that it establishes, once and for all, that something is true. The finality goes with "proven."
That the Altgens photo was faxed to the world at 1:03 has never been proven.
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